Celiac Facts for Patients

Nutrients that are only needed in small amounts (less than 100 mg per day). They don't provide energy, but are important for various body functions. The group of micronutrients includes vitamins, some minerals and trace elements. In contrast, macronutrients are required in larger quantities. They include fat, protein and carbohydrates and can be used for energy production.

Periodic attacks of moderate to severe headache, often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, dizzyness and sensitivity to light and sound.

A mineral, from a dietary sense, is an inorganic compound that is needed in small amounts for the regulation of your body's processes and health. There are two general classes of them. There are macrominerals, minerals the body needs in relatively large amounts, larger than trace minerals, wich the body needs in relatively small amounts. The different types of macrominerals include calcium, sodium, and potassium. Examples of trace minerals are iron, fluoride, and iodine.

Twins that develop from one egg cell. Another term is "identical twins".

Is a protective layer covering the inside of the intestine and of other organs such as nose, mouth and eyes. Besides protecting these organs, the mucus it produces helps move food along the intestine and helps absorb nutrients in the small intestine as it contains specialized absorptive cells.

Inflammation of the heart muscle.

Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency means that the pancreas fails to make enough of the enzymes that are needed to break down food during digestion. The result is that nutrients cannot be absorbed properly. Endocrine pancreatic insufficiency means that the pancreas doesn't produce enough of the hormone insulin, which helps cells to use sugar as energy source.

An infectious agent that can produce disease, e.g. a virus or a bacterium.

Are protein fragments.

Parts per million. It equals the unit mg/kg.